查看原文
其他

海平面上升背景下比较海洋法中的动态基线与固定基线

肖恩·墨菲 法眼看南海
2024-09-05

点击蓝字 关注我们

海平面上升背景下比较海洋法中的动态基线与固定基线

作者简介


肖恩·墨菲

Sean Murphy

美国乔治华盛顿大学法学院国际法教授

联合国国际法委员会委员


声明


本文原载于《美国大学国际法评论》(American Uniersity International Law Review),题目为“海平面上升背景下比较海洋法中的动态基线与固定基线”(Ambulatory Versus Fixed Baselines Under the Law of the Sea In the Context of Rising Sea Levels)。本文谨代表作者立场,不代表平台和译者观点。限于篇幅本文仅翻译引言部分,如需获取全文,请点击文末“阅读原文”下载获取。

引言

当“深入”考虑海平面上升问题时,人们会发现各种国际法“池”非常适合回答我们正在解决的一些问题。例如,加尔旺·泰尔斯教授谈到了海平面上升时的人员保护。当然,可以利用人权法和与灾害有关的国际法的各个方面来解决这方面的一些关切。这只是一个将该法律适用于一个新的事实现象的问题。

话虽如此,但在某些领域,现有国际法不足以或显然不足以解决我们面临的问题。当然,胡安·何塞·鲁达·桑托利亚教授正在讨论的问题,特别是国家地位的潜在丧失,提出了一个现有国际法不明确的独特情况。然而,鉴于未来几年可能会出现如此多不同的事实情况,也很难知道如何最好地就这一问题提出新的国际法。

因此,在讨论当代国际法是否足以解决海平面上升问题时,很大程度上取决于手头的问题。考虑到这一广泛的观点,我将讨论与海平面上升相关的基线(以及随之而来的海洋权利)问题,正如玛丽亚·特蕾莎·因方特法官所预示的那样。她给我的印象是,我将解决这个问题,这当然是我无法做到的!尽管如此,我将重复她的一些非常深思熟虑的评论,并试图将对话向前推进一点。当然,这一讨论也与昨天的会议有关

Abstract

When “diving” into consideration of sea-level rise issues, one finds various “pools” of international law that are perfectly suited for answering some of the issues we are addressing. For example, Professor Galvão Teles spoke about the protection of persons in the event of sea-level rise. There are, of course, various aspects of human rights law and international law relating to disasters that can be employed to resolve some of the concerns in that regard. It is just a question of applying that law to a new, factual phenomenon.
Having said that, there are some areas where existing international law is not adequate, or is not obviously adequate, to resolve the issues that we are confronting. Certainly, the issue that Professor Juan José Ruda Santolaria was addressing, specifically the potential loss of statehood, presents a unique scenario where existing international law is unclear. Yet it is also difficult to know how best to propose new international law on that issue, given that there are so many different factual scenarios that might play out in the years to come.
So, in addressing whether contemporary international law is adequate or not for addressing sea-level rise, much depends on the issue at hand. With that broad point in mind, I will address the issue of baselines (and consequential maritime entitlements) in relation to sea-level rise, as was foreshadowed by Judge Maria Teresa Infante. She set me up as though I was going to solve this problem, which of course I will not be able to do! That said, I will echo some of her very thoughtful comments and try to move the conversation along a bit. This discussion, of course, relates as well to that of yesterday’s session.

感谢观看  欢迎关注

图片转载自网络,如有侵权,请联系删除


“法眼看南海”由暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院徐奇副教授及其团队运营,旨在介绍和分析国际法和南海问题有关的信息动态和名家学说


联系邮箱:xuqi2019@jnu.edu.cn


图文编辑/翻译 | 胡楠  江苏大学法学院本科生 

审校 | 徐奇 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院副教授 


欢迎关注、转发或分享朋友圈,如需转载独家刊文请注明“文章转自法眼看南海公众号”

继续滑动看下一个
法眼看南海
向上滑动看下一个

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存